illinois Institute of Technology

          Private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Chicago, Illinois, U.S. It dates to 1890, when the Armour Institute of Technology was founded (its first classes were held in 1893). The institute owes its heritage to a sermon by Chicago minister Frank Gunsaulus (the school’s first president), who pledged to build an institution open to all (at a time when university education was the preserve of the very few), and to Philip Danforth Armour, a Chicago meat packer and merchant who provided financial backing. In 1940 the Armour Institute merged with the Lewis Institute (founded 1896) to form the Illinois Institute of Technology. The Institute of Design was founded as the New Bauhaus in 1937 by Hungarian painter and photographer László Moholy-Nagy; it joined the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1949. Chicago-Kent College of Law joined the institute in 1969. VanderCook College of Music, a separate institution, is located on the main campus. Total enrollment is approximately 7,700.

In addition to the above, the institute includes the Armour College of Engineering, the College of Science and Letters, the Institute of Psychology, the Stuart Graduate School of Business, the Graduate College, the College of Architecture, and the Center for Law and Financial Markets. IIT offers both undergraduate and graduate studies, awarding doctoral degrees in architecture sciences, engineering, computer science, design, business, psychology, and law.

The main campus is located on the south side of Chicago; there are also two campuses in downtown Chicago and suburban campuses in Wheaton and Bedford Park. Research facilities associated with the institute include the National Center for Food Safety and Technology, the Fluid Dynamics Research Center, the Center for Electrochemical Science and Engineering, and the IIT Research Institute.

University of Chicago

             

                  University of chicagao is private, co educational university, located on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, U.S. One of the United States’s most outstanding universities.

 This university is founded in 1890 by the endowment of John D. Rockefeller. William Rainey Harper, president of the university from 1891 to 1906, did much to establish what has come to be regarded as the traditional outlook and character of the university. University of Chicago is Internationally recognized as a centre for research and advanced study, it was also a pioneer in adult education and has influenced undergraduate programs  through its “Chicago plan,” which was designed to ensure a broad-based education. Under the administration of Robert M. Hutchins, president from 1929 to 1945 and chancellor from 1945 to 1951, the college attracted national attention for such innovative policies as measuring student achievement by comprehensive examinations and stressing the reading of “Great Books.” Total enrollment exceeds 14,000.

        In 1892 it established the United States’s first department of sociology. In 1942 it was the site of the first controlled self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction, achieved under the direction of the physicist Enrico Fermi. Other notable achievements by Chicago scholars include the development of carbon-14 dating (1946) and the isolation and first weighing of the element plutonium (1942). The university also lent its name to the Chicago school of economics, which took a neoclassical approach emphasizing the free market; associated with economics professors Frank Hyneman Knight and Jacob Viner, the university trained several future Nobel Prize recipients, including Milton Friedman and James Buchanan. More than 80 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university.

The university includes an undergraduate college, four graduate divisions (biological sciences, humanities, physical sciences, and social sciences), the Graham School of General Studies (continuing education), and six graduate professional schools (Divinity School, Graduate School of Business, Law School, Pritzker School of Medicine, School of Social Service Administration, and Irving B. Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies). It has a number of centres for advanced scholarship and research, including the Oriental Institute (ancient Middle Eastern studies); the Computation Institute; the James Franck Institute; the Enrico Fermi Institute; the National Opinion Research Center; and the Center for International Studies. Under contract with the U.S. government, the university operates theArgonne National Laboratory, southwest of the city. The University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, begun in 1896 by American educator John Dewey, offer a progressive education program for students from kindergarten through high school. Cultural institutions located on or near campus include the Museum of Science and Industry, the DuSable Museum of African American History, the David and Alfred Smart Museum of Art, and the Frederick C. Robie House (1909; designed by Frank Lloyd Wright).